Learn about what a self-image is and how we can improve it.

Self-image can be defined as a person’s perception of themselves, including their physical appearance, personality, and characteristics (Morin & Racy, 2021). It is the way in which an individual views and evaluates themselves, and it can be influenced by various factors such as culture, family, friends, and personal experiences (Taylor & Brown, 1988).

 Self-image can have a significant impact on an individual’s self-esteem and self-worth (Baumeister et al., 1989). It can also influence an individual’s behavior and decision-making, as well as their relationships with others.

According to a review published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Baumeister et al., 1989), people with a positive self-image tend to have higher levels of self-confidence and self-esteem, and they are generally more successful in life. On the other hand, those with a negative self-image may struggle with low self-esteem and may be more prone to anxiety and depression (Beck, 1967).

In addition, research has shown that self-image can play a role in an individual’s overall well-being and happiness (Taylor & Brown, 1988). Therefore, it is important for individuals to strive for a healthy and balanced self-image in order to improve their mental health and quality of life.

Negative & Positive Self-Image

According to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Baumeister et al., 1989), negative self-image can be associated with negative outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and unhealthy coping mechanisms (Beck, 1967). It is important for individuals with a negative self-image to seek support and seek professional help if necessary in order to address and resolve these issues (Taylor & Brown, 1988).

According to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Baumeister et al., 1989), positive self-image is associated with higher levels of self-confidence and self-esteem, and it can lead to better outcomes in life such as success in school, work, and relationships. It is important for individuals to strive for a positive self-image in order to improve their mental health and overall well-being (Taylor & Brown, 1988).

Questions

Here are some questions you can ask yourself to see if you have a negative self-image:​

  • Do you frequently criticize or put yourself down?
  • Do you have negative thoughts about your appearance or abilities?
  • Do you compare yourself unfavorably to others?
  • Do you feel unworthy or undeserving of good things in your life?
  • Do you have trouble accepting compliments or praise from others?
  • Do you often feel self-conscious or embarrassed in social situations?
  • Do you avoid trying new things because you are afraid of failure?
  • Do you have difficulty making decisions or standing up for yourself?

If you answered “yes” to several of these questions, it may be a sign that you have a negative self-image. It is important to work on developing a more positive self-image in order to improve your mental health and overall well-being. If you are struggling with negative self-image, it may be helpful to seek support from a mental health professional or trusted friend or family member.

Tips

Here are some tips on improving self-image, based on academic research:

  1. ​Practice self-compassion: According to a study published in the journal Self and Identity (Neff, 2003), self-compassion, or the ability to be kind and understanding towards oneself, is associated with higher levels of self-esteem and well-being. Try to speak to yourself with kindness and understanding, and remind yourself that everyone makes mistakes and has flaws.
  2. Focus on your strengths: Instead of dwelling on your weaknesses or perceived flaws, try to find your strengths and accomplishments. Adopting a perspective in which your strengths and virtues are front and center can improve your self-image and overall well-being  (Peterson & Seligman, 2004).
  3. Surround yourself with supportive people: Research has shown that the people we surround ourselves with can have a significant impact on our self-image (Arslan, 2009). Try to surround yourself with people who are supportive and positive, and limit your time with those who are critical or negative.
  4. Engage in activities that boost self-esteem: Participating in activities that you enjoy and are good at can boost your self-esteem and improve your self-image (McKay & Fanning, 2016). Try new things and pursue your interests, and don’t be afraid to take on challenges.
  5. Seek professional help: If you are struggling with negative self-image or low self-esteem, it may be helpful to seek the assistance of a mental health professional. A therapist can help you work on improving your self-image and coping with any underlying issues that may be contributing to negative self-perception.

In Sum

Self-image is an individual’s perception of themselves, including their physical appearance, personality, and characteristics. It is influenced by various factors such as culture, family, friends, and personal experiences, and it can have a significant impact on an individual’s self-esteem and self-worth.

References

  • Arslan, C. (2009). Anger, self-esteem, and perceived social support in adolescence. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 37(4), 555-564.
  • Baumeister, R. F., Tice, D. M., & Hutton, D. G. (1989). Self-presentational motivations and personality differences in self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(3), 541-548.
  • Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Causes and treatment. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • McKay, M., & Fanning, P. (2016). Self-esteem: A proven program of cognitive techniques for assessing, improving, and maintaining your self-esteem. New Harbinger Publications.
  • Morin, A., & Racy, F. (2021). Dynamic self-processes. In The Handbook of Personality Dynamics and Processes (pp. 365-386). Academic Press.
  • Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250.
  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press.
  • Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103(2), 193-210.

 

Kim Perone, MA, CLC is a Wellbeing Coach/Consultant and Mindfulness Facilitator and founder of The Center for Clarity, Compassion & Contentment (CENTER4C). Kim works with organizations and individuals to offer essential skills for today. A personal strategist, philosopher, and champion for her clients, specializing in burnout recovery, stress reduction, mindfulness, work life balance, bereavement, resilience, and authentic success, Kim is a Certified Life Coach, with an Master’s degree in Organizational Communication, Certified Workplace Mindfulness Facilitator (CWMF), a Certified Grief Educator, Culture Talk Certified Partner and author of Finding Your Center: The Case for Clarity, Compassion & Contentment (available on Amazon) and podcaster for Find Your Center with Life Coach Kim Perone and co-host of the Slightly Unmeditated podcast available wherever you get your podcasts. It is Kim’s belief that when clarity, compassion, and contentment are present an inspired life is possible.

For more information, feel free to contact Kim at [email protected], (518) 301-3593, www.Center4c.com.